Manejo expectante en preeclampsia severa remota del término (24-33,6 semanas): experiencia en centro de alta complejidad / Expectant management in severe preeclampsia remote from term (24-33.6 weeks): experience in a high complexity center

Resumen Introducción: la preeclampsia severa antes de 34 semanas de gestación tiene alto riesgo de complicaciones maternas y fetales. El manejo expectante, pudiera reducir el riesgo de complicaciones de un parto prematuro. Objetivo: evaluar la efectividad comparativa del manejo expectante en la prevención de desenlaces adversos maternos y perinatales de las pacientes con preeclampsia severa remota del término. Metodología: estudio de cohorte retrospectivo en gestantes con preeclampsia severa entre la 24 a 33,6 semanas, admitidas en un centro de alta complejidad colombiano entre 2011 y 2019. Se compararon medidas descriptivas según el manejo expectante o intervencionistas como grupo de referencia y, de asociación con los desenlaces compuestos maternos y neonatales, además se ajustó por edad gestacional menor a 28 semanas al parto. Resultados: se analizaron 134 pacientes, 110 con manejo expectante y 24 con intervencionista. El manejo expectante tuvo menor probabilidad de cesárea (RR 0,79 IC95% 0,69-0,91) y de resultado compuesto materno (RR 0,67 IC95% 0,57-0,79), que no persistió luego del ajuste. El manejo expectante presentó menor probabilidad de APGAR <7 al minuto (21,6% vs. 40%, RR 0,53 IC95% 0,29-0,97) y de resultado neonatal compuesto (60% vs. 83,3%, RR 0,72 IC95% 0.57-0.90). Al realizar ajuste con edad menor a 28 semanas al parto, el manejo expectante mostró menor probabilidad de APGAR menor a 7 al minuto (RR 0,43 IC95% 0,24-0,75), resultado perinatal adverso compuesto (RR 0,62 IC95% 0,48-0,81), muerte neonatal (RR 0,26 IC95% 0,29-0,71), síndrome de dificultad respiratoria (RR 0,65 IC95% 0,48-0,88), hemorragia intraventricular (RR 0,31 IC95% 0,11-0,89) e ingreso a unidad de cuidados intensivos neonatales (RR 0,80 IC95% 0,70-0,92). Conclusión: la preeclampsia severa remota del término es una patología grave y compleja que enfrenta los intereses maternos y los fetales. Debido al controversial enfoque, su manejo debe realizarse en centros de alta complejidad, con participación interdisciplinaria y anteponiendo la individualidad de cada binomio; nuestros hallazgos sugieren que el manejo expectante es razonable cuando las condiciones maternas y fetales lo permiten, especialmente para gestaciones menores a 28 semanas en favor de mejorar los desenlaces fetales sin detrimento de los desenlaces maternos.

Abstract Introduction: severe preeclampsia before 34 weeks of gestational age has a high risk of maternal and fetal complications. Expectant management could decrease the risk of complications associated with premature birth. Objective: to evaluate the efficacy of expectant management in the prevention of maternal and perinatal adverse events of patients with severe preeclampsia remote from term. Methodology: a retrospective cohort study in pregnant women diagnosed with severe preeclampsia between 24 and 33.6 weeks of gestational age who were admitted in a Colombian high complexity medical center between 2011 and 2019 was carried out. Descriptive measurements of the expectant management and the interventionist management were compared and the association with maternal and neonatal composite outcomes. Results were adjusted by gestational age under 28 weeks of delivery. Results: 134 patients were analyzed; 110 patients with expectant management and 24 interventionist management. Expectant management had a lower probability of cesarean section (RR 0.79 CI95% 0.69-0.91) and maternal composite result (RR 0.67 CI95% 0.57-0.79) that did not persist after the adjustment. Expectant management had a lower probability of APGAR <7 the first minute (21.6% vs. 40%, RR 0.53 CI95% 0.29-0.97) and neonatal composite result (60% vs. 83.3%, RR 0.72 CI95% 0.57-0.90). When adjusting the age under 28 weeks of delivery, the expectant management showed a lower probability of APGAR under 7 at minute one (RR 0.43 CI95% 0.24-0.75), composite outcome of perinatal adverse events (RR 0.62 CI95% 0.48-0.81), neonatal death (RR 0.26 CI95% 0.29-0.71), respiratory distress syndrome (RR 0.65 CI95% 0.48-0.88), intraventricular hemorrhage (RR 0.31 CI95% 0.11-0.89) and admission to the neonatal intensive care unit (RR 0.80 CI95% 0.70-0.92). Conclusion: severe preeclampsia remote from term is a severe and complex disease which faces maternal and neonatal interests. Due to approach controversies, management should be performed in high complexity centers with a multidisciplinary approach individualizing each binomial; our findings suggest expectant management is reasonable when both maternal and fetal conditions allow it, especially in pregnancies under 28 weeks of gestational age to improve fetal outcomes without risking maternal outcomes.

The effectiveness of a comprehensive diabetes program for glycemic control and adherence, and the selection of candidates for sensor-augmented insulin pump therapy.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to estimate the effectiveness of a comprehensive diabetes program (CDP) in terms of glycemic control, adherence, and the selection of candidates for sensor-augmented insulin pump therapy (SAP). METHODS: We compared diabetes control before and 6 months after CDP. The program was based on disease management using a logical model dealing with the following: case management, education and coaching, nutritional assessment, and mental health. RESULTS: The CDP improved glycemic control, HbA1c decreased by 0.56% (p-value=0.004; 95% CI: 0.14-0.98) and 19.1% of the patients reached the HbA1c goal without hypoglycemia. The CDP reduced by 52.4% the indication for SAP due to better glycemic control (36.4%) or non-adherence issues (63.6%); the remaining 47.6% persisted with poor glycemic control despite good adherence and were scaled to SAP. Among the 30 suitable candidates for SAP therapy, 60% did not reach the HbA1c goal and 40% had either hypoglycemic episodes (severe or persistent) or dawn phenomenon. The overall non-adherence rate was 33.3%. CONCLUSIONS: CDP optimized the selection of suitable candidates for SAP by improving glycemic control and identifying adherence issues early. These results provide evidence of the impact of the implementation of patient selection and educational protocols in the real-life setting of a highly experienced clinic.

Real-world effectiveness and safety of sensor-augmented insulin pump therapy in adults with type 1 diabetes: Long-term follow-up.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of sensor-augmented insulin pump therapy (SAP) in addition to a comprehensive diabetes program on glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), severe hypoglycemia, ketoacidosis, and the hospital admission rate in patients with type 1 diabetes under real-world settings during a 2-year follow-up. METHODS: This was a retrospective real-life study comparing diabetes control before and after SAP therapy initiation. Patients ≥18 years old with type 1 diabetes were included. They were followed for 2 years with clinical assessments at months 3, 6, 12, 18, and 24. Effectiveness was estimated by difference in medians of HbA1c from baseline and at each follow-up visit. Safety was assessed by comparing the annual rates of severe hypoglycemia, hyperglycemic crisis, and hospital admission related to diabetes. RESULTS: 162 patients were included, median age 32 years, women 73%). The main indication for SAP was poor metabolic control (51.2%). At 2 years HbA1c decreased from 8.4% to 7.5% (-0.9%, 95% CI: 0.5-1.2; p<0.0001), HbA1c ≤7% improved from 14.2% to 25.3% (11.1%, 95% CI: 19.7-2.5; p=0.006), and severe hypoglycemia decreased from 22.2% to 14.1% (-8.1%, 95% CI: -16.5 to 0.3; p=0.03). CONCLUSIONS: SAP therapy improved glycemic control after the third month of use and for up to 2 years of follow-up, with lower rates of hospital admission and severe hypoglycemia. More studies are needed to assess the add-on impact of education programs and technologies for diabetes care.

The effectiveness of a comprehensive diabetes program for glycemic control and adherence, and the selection of candidates for sensor-augmented insulin pump therapy.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to estimate the effectiveness of a comprehensive diabetes program (CDP) in terms of glycemic control, adherence, and the selection of candidates for sensor-augmented insulin pump therapy (SAP). METHODS: We compared diabetes control before and 6 months after CDP. The program was based on disease management using a logical model dealing with the following: case management, education and coaching, nutritional assessment, and mental health. RESULTS: The CDP improved glycemic control, HbA1c decreased by 0.56% (p-value=0.004; 95% CI: 0.14-0.98) and 19.1% of the patients reached the HbA1c goal without hypoglycemia. The CDP reduced by 52.4% the indication for SAP due to better glycemic control (36.4%) or non-adherence issues (63.6%); the remaining 47.6% persisted with poor glycemic control despite good adherence and were scaled to SAP. Among the 30 suitable candidates for SAP therapy, 60% did not reach the HbA1c goal and 40% had either hypoglycemic episodes (severe or persistent) or dawn phenomenon. The overall non-adherence rate was 33.3%. CONCLUSIONS: CDP optimized the selection of suitable candidates for SAP by improving glycemic control and identifying adherence issues early. These results provide evidence of the impact of the implementation of patient selection and educational protocols in the real-life setting of a highly experienced clinic.

Real-world effectiveness and safety of sensor-augmented insulin pump therapy in adults with type 1 diabetes: Long-term follow-up.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of sensor-augmented insulin pump therapy (SAP) in addition to a comprehensive diabetes program on glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), severe hypoglycemia, ketoacidosis, and the hospital admission rate in patients with type 1 diabetes under real-world settings during a 2-year follow-up. METHODS: This was a retrospective real-life study comparing diabetes control before and after SAP therapy initiation. Patients ≥18 years old with type 1 diabetes were included. They were followed for 2 years with clinical assessments at months 3, 6, 12, 18, and 24. Effectiveness was estimated by difference in medians of HbA1c from baseline and at each follow-up visit. Safety was assessed by comparing the annual rates of severe hypoglycemia, hyperglycemic crisis, and hospital admission related to diabetes. RESULTS: 162 patients were included, median age 32 years, women 73%). The main indication for SAP was poor metabolic control (51.2%). At 2 years HbA1c decreased from 8.4% to 7.5% (-0.9%, 95% CI: 0.5-1.2; p<0.0001), HbA1c ≤7% improved from 14.2% to 25.3% (11.1%, 95% CI: 19.7-2.5; p=0.006), and severe hypoglycemia decreased from 22.2% to 14.1% (-8.1%, 95% CI: -16.5 to 0.3; p=0.03). CONCLUSIONS: SAP therapy improved glycemic control after the third month of use and for up to 2 years of follow-up, with lower rates of hospital admission and severe hypoglycemia. More studies are needed to assess the add-on impact of education programs and technologies for diabetes care.

Seudoartrosis del escafoides: experiencia con injerto óseo vascularizado del primer metacarpiano. Serie de casos / Scaphoid pseudoarthrosis: experience with vascularized bone graft of the first metacarpal. Case series

Introducción describir los resultados clínicos, funcionales y radiológicos de pacientes con seudoartrosis de fractura del escafoides, sometidos a cirugía con la técnica de Bertelli. en un centro de cuarto nivel de complejidad. Materiales & Métodos Serie de casos en un centro de cuarto nivel de complejidad entre el 2005 y 2016 de pacientes con fractura de escafoides en seudoartrosis sometidos a cirugía de revisión con injerto vascularizado de la primera arteria dorsal metacarpiana según la técnica de Bertelli. Se tomaron datos de historias clínicas, que se analizaron con medidas descriptivas de resumen. Resultados se analizaron 11 pacientes con una edad promedio de 30,1 años. El 72,7% fue llevado a osteosíntesis como manejo inicial. El procedimiento de revisión se realizó en una mediana de 380 días. Se reportaron complicaciones pos-quirúrgicas: necrosis del injerto en un paciente, necesidad de re-intervención en cuatro y no hubo infecciones. En el 72,7% se observó consolidación de la fractura y ocurrió en promedio a los 7,6 meses. La mitad de los pacientes tuvieron un puntaje DASH de 9 o menos y reportaron percepción de dolor leve - moderado el 90,9%. La mediana de seguimiento fue 14 meses. Discusión la ventaja de esta técnica es su reproducibilidad y versatilidad, pues su pedículo vascular constante y de buena longitud, permite utilizarse por un abordaje dorsal o palmar y para no consolidaciones del polo proximal, cintura o polo distal del escafoides. Este estudio mostró buenos resultados clínicos y funcionales, asociados a una baja tasa de complicaciones. Nivel de evidencia IV

Background The aim of study is to describe the clinical, functional, and radiological results in patients with pseudoarthrosis of scaphoid fractures who that underwent surgery using Bertelli's et al. technique. Methods Case series of patients with nonunion of scaphoid fractures in a high complexity care center between 2005 and 2016, who underwent revision surgery with vascularized bone graft of the first metacarpal dorsal artery according to Bertelli's et al. technique. Data were collected from clinical records, and it waswere analyzed using descriptive summary measures. Results The analysis included 11 patients with a mean age of 30,1 years (S.D: 9). 72,7% of the patients underwent conventional osteosynthesis as the initial approach. The revision surgery was performed with a median of 380 days (interquartile range: 194-470); there were no intraoperative complications. Post- surgery complications, such as graft necrosis, were reported in a one patient (9,1%), the need of for re-intervention in four patients and there were no infection related complications. Fracture union was seen in 72,7% patients in a mean of 7,6 months (S.D: 2,9) after the intervention. Half of the patient had a DASH score of 9 points or less. 54,5 reported pain as mild, 36,4% as moderate and without pain 9,1%. The median follow up period was 14 months and only one patient developed carpal arthritis. Discussion The advantage of this surgical technique is its reproducibility and versatility, thanks due to the constant and long vascular pedicle; this allows using dorsal or palmar approaches, as well as for the management of scaphoid nonunions of the proximal pole, waist, or distal pole. This study shows good clinical and functional results outcomes with a low rate of complications. Evidence Level IV

Endometriosis de la pared abdominal: estudio descriptivo de una serie de 21 casos / Abdominal wall endometriosis: A descriptive study of a series of 21 cases

Introducción. La endometriosis de la pared abdominal se define como la presencia de tejido endometrial en cualquiera de las capas que componen la pared abdominal. Su incidencia es baja y se caracteriza por un diagnóstico tardío. Materiales y métodos. Se trata de un estudio descriptivo y retrospectivo entre 2010 y 2014 en pacientes con endometriosis de la pared abdominal, cuyo análisis patológico fue realizado en un centro de ayudas diagnósticas de Medellín. Se identificaron las variables histopatológicas del reporte, y la información clínica mediante una entrevista telefónica suministrada por la paciente. Se analizaron los datos con medidas descriptivas de resumen. Resultados. Participaron 21 de 65 pacientes con diagnóstico de endometriosis de la pared abdominal. La media de edad al momento del diagnóstico fue de 35,3 años (desviación estándar, DE=8), el 71,4 % tenía el antecedente de cesárea y, el 38,1 %, el de endometriosis pélvica. El 95,2 % de las pacientes manifestaron dolor, de las cuales el 50 % lo percibió como constante con agudización cíclica y, el 40 %, como cíclico; además, el 90,5 % manifestó sensación de masa. La mediana del tiempo desde la aparición de la lesión hasta el diagnóstico, fue de 24 meses (RIQ=6-60). Solo en cuatro pacientes se hizo el diagnóstico prequirúrgico. El tratamiento fue quirúrgico en todas las pacientes y ocho (38,1 %) presentaron recidiva.Conclusiones. La endometriosis de la pared abdominal usualmente se manifiesta como masas dolorosas aso-ciadas con cicatrices quirúrgicas previas, generalmente de origen ginecológico y los síntomas empeoran con la menstruación. Es usual que su diagnóstico sea tardío y pocas veces se hace antes del estudio histopatológico. El tratamiento de elección es la resección quirúrgica, aunque no es despreciable el porcentaje de recidivas (AU)

Introduction: Abdominal wall endometriosis is defined by the presence of endometrial tissue in any of the layers that compose the abdominal wall. It has a low incidence and is characterized by a late diagnosis. Materials and Methods: A descriptive, ambispective study that included patients with abdominal wall endometriosis whose pathological analysis was performed in a diagnostic center in Medellín between 2010 and 2014. Histopathological variables of the report were identified, and clinical information was provided by the patient by a phone interview. They were analyzed with descriptive summary measures.Results: 21 patients with abdominal wall endometriosis of 65 identified participated. The mean age at diagnosis was 35.3 years ± 8, 71.4% had a prior caesarean section and 38.1% had pelvic endometriosis. 95.2% manifested pain, among them, 50% was perceived as constant with cyclical exacerbation, 40% cyclical; 90.5% manifested mass sensation. The median from the onset of the lesion to the diagnosis was 24 months (IQR 6-60). Only four patients had pre-surgical. The treatment was surgical in all patients and eight (38.1%) had recurrence.Conclusions: Abdominal wall endometriosis usually manifests through painful masses associated with previous surgical scars usually of gynecological origin and whose symptoms worsen with menstruation. Its diagnosis is usually late and it is rarely reached before the histopathological study. Management of choice is surgical resection, however, its percentage of recurrence is not negligible (AU)

Colecistectomía por laparoscopia en colecistitis subaguda: análisis retrospectivo de pacientes en un hospital universitario / Laparoscopic cholecystectomy in subacute cholecystitis: retrospective analysis at a university hospital

Objetivo. Describir los resultados clínicos y quirúrgicos de la colecistectomía por laparoscopia, en pacientes con colecistitis subaguda hospitalizados en una institución universitaria de alta complejidad. Metodología. Se llevó a cabo un estudio descriptivo y retrospectivo de pacientes adultos con diagnóstico de colecistitis subaguda, intervenidos con colecistectomía por laparoscopia, que fueron hospitalizados en una institución universitaria de alto nivel de complejidad entre enero y diciembre de 2014. Se evaluaron sus características sociodemográficas, clínicas, del procedimiento, las complicaciones operatorias y a los 30 días, así como la estancia hospitalaria. Resultados. Se analizaron 184 pacientes con un promedio de edad de 59 años (DE=19,34), el 61 % de sexo femenino. La mayoría de los pacientes (69%) tenían hallazgos intraoperatorios correspondientes a plastrón, piocolecisto, necrosis y perforación. En 13 % de los pacientes fue necesaria la conversión a cirugía abierta, y entre las complicaciones se presentó sangrado operatorio en 13 %, fístula biliar en 2,7 % y lesión de la vía biliar en 0,5 %. La mortalidad intrahospitalaria fue del 1,1 %. Concusiones. La colecistectomía laparoscópica es un procedimiento seguro con una baja tasa de complicaciones, incluso, cuando se practica en casos con más de 72 horas de iniciados los síntomas. Es indispensable que dicho procedimiento sea realizado por un grupo con gran experiencia en cirugía laparoscópica

Objective: To report the clinical results of laparoscopic cholecystectomy in patients with subacute cholecystitis hospitalized at a high complexity level of care university hospital in Medellín, Colombia.Methodology: A retrospective descriptive study was carried out in adult patients diagnosed with subacute cholecystitis who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy between January and December 2014. Sociodemographic, clinical, procedural characteristics, intraoperative complications at 30 days, as well as the hospital stay, were evaluated. Results: A total of 184 patients met the inclusion criteria, with a mean age of 59 years, predominantly female (61%); open surgery conversion rate was 13%, intraoperative bleeding 13%, biliary fistula 2.7%, bile duct injury 0.5%, and global mortality 1.1%. Conclusions: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is a safe procedure with a low rate of complications, even when performed in patients with more than 72 hours of symptom onset. It is essential that this procedure be performed by a group with high experience in laparoscopic surgery

Clinical Outcomes After 1 Year of Augmented Insulin Pump Therapy in Patients with Diabetes in a Specialized Diabetes Center in Medellín, Colombia.

BACKGROUND: Type 1 diabetes can be difficult to control. Augmented pump therapy (CSII-rtCGM) has become an important tool for controlling blood glucose and decreasing hypoglycemia. METHODS: Describe the results 1 year after starting CSII-rtCGM in patients with diabetes in Medellín, Colombia. This is an observational, retrospective study. Patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes started on CSII-rtCGM between January 2008 and June 2015 were included. Qualitative variables were analyzed as absolute or relative frequencies. Quantitative variables were obtained through central tendency and dispersion according to the normal distribution of the analyzed variable using Kolmogorov-Smirnov. SPSS 19 from IBM was used. RESULTS: Two hundred forty-seven patients were identified, of those 183 were included. The starting HbA1C was 8.7% ± 1.7% and 7.4% ± 0.8% (P < 0.05) 1 year later. 16.5% of patients had been admitted to the hospital before starting CSII-rtCGM, after 1 year the admission rate was 6.0% (P < 0.05). The incidence of severe hypoglycemia at the beginning was 32%, 1 year later it was 7.1%. CONCLUSION: CSII-rtCGM therapy improves glucose control and decreases severe hypoglycemic events and hospital admission rate.

Perfil epidemiológico de oclusión dental en niños que consultana la Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia / Epidemiological profile of dental occlusion in children from Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia

Introducción y Objetivo: La oclusión es la manera en que los dientes maxilares y mandibulares se articulan, involucrando su morfología, angulación, músculos de la masticación, estructuras esqueléticas y la articulación temporomandibular. El propósito de este estudio fue determinar el perfil epidemiológico de la oclusión dental en niños que consultaron el servicio de las clínicas de crecimiento y desarrollo de la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia; sede Envigado, entre junio de 2006 y junio de 2007. Materiales y Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, de corte transversal en pacientes de los 2 a los 12 años que asistieron al servicio odontológico. Se calculó un tamaño de muestra de 191 pacientes, a quienes se les realizó un examen clínico de la cavidad oral con el fin de evaluar las diferentes características oclusales encontradas en el plano vertical, sagital, transversal y alteraciones de espacio. Resultados: El promedio de edad de los 191 niños participantes fue 7 años (7±2.1), 50.8% (97/191) eran de sexo masculino y 41.9% (80/191) se encontraban en dentición mixta inicial. La maloclusión con mayor prevalencia fue la clase I 55% (105/191), seguida por la clase II 32.5% (62/191) y clase III 12.6% (24/191). La prevalencia de al menos una alteración en los planos oclusales fue 96.3%. Conclusión: La maloclusión clase I de Angle fue la más prevalente con alteraciones en los planos vertical y transversal y problemas de espacio.

Introduction and Objetives: Occlusion is the way in which the maxillary and mandibular teeth articulate involving morphology, angulation, mastication muscles, skeletal structures and the temporomandibular joint. The purpose of this study was to determine the epidemiological profile of dental occlusion in children that consulted the service clinics for growth and development of the Faculty of Dentistry of the University Cooperative Colombia, Envigado headquarters between June 2006 and June 2007. Material and Methods: Observational study in children between 2 and 12 years who consulted the growth and development clinics of the Faculty of Dentistry The UCC. The sample was calculated and 191 children were screened. Sociodemographic and occlusal characteristics were evaluated prior to interceptive treatment which was performed. Results: 191 patients included with an average age of 7 (7±2.1), 50.8% (97/191) were male. 41.9% (80/191) patients were in initial mixed dentition. The most prevalent malocclusion found was angle class I 55% (105/191), followed by class II 32.5% (62/191) and class III 12.6% (24/191). Conclusion: Angle class I malocclusion was the most prevalent malocclusion found with alteration in the vertical, transversal and space problems.